RESUMO
Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms provide information on individuals' potential reactions to environmental factors, infections, diseases, as well as various therapies. A study on SNPs that influence SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity may provide a predictive tool for COVID-19 outcomes and improve the customized coronavirus treatment. Aim: To evaluate the role of human leukocyte antigens DP/DQ and IFNλ4 polymorphisms on COVID-19 outcomes among Egyptian patients. Participants and Methods: The study involved 80 patients with severe COVID-19, 80 patients with mild COVID-19, and 80 non-infected healthy volunteers. Genotyping and allelic discrimination of HLA-DPrs3077 (G/A), HLA-DQrs7453920 (A/G), and IFNλ4 rs73555604 (C/T) SNPs were performed using real-time PCR. Results: Ages were 47.9 ± 8, 44.1 ± 12.1, and 45.8 ± 10 years in severe, mild and non-infected persons. There was a statistically significant association between severe COVID-19 and male gender (p = 0.002). A statistically significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DPrs3077G, HLA-DQrs7453920A, and IFNλ4rs73555604C alleles among severe COVID-19 patients when compared with other groups (p < 0.001). Coexistence of these alleles in the same individual increases the susceptibility to severe COVID-19 by many folds (p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for the studied parameters showed that old age, male gender, non-vaccination, HLA-DQ rs7453920AG+AA, HLA-DPrs3077GA+GG, and IFNλ4rs73555604CT+CC genotypes are independent risk factors for severe COVID-19 among Egyptian patients. Conclusion: HLA-DQ rs7453920A, HLA-DPrs3077G, and IFNλ4rs73555604C alleles could be used as markers of COVID-19 severity.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Antígenos HLA-DP , Antígenos HLA-DQ , Interleucinas , Humanos , Masculino , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , COVID-19/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Antígenos HLA-DP/genética , Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , SARS-CoV-2 , Interleucinas/genéticaRESUMO
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an extremely rare condition in infants younger than 3 months old. Cardiovascular complications are unfortunately most common in young infants and it is in this age group, incomplete Kawasaki disease (IKD) is more frequently reported. Because IKD is a diagnostic dilemma, any sign that could help early diagnosis, such as BCG reactivation is useful. Here we report on an infant less than 3 months old with IKD wherein, BCG reactivation helped us in making the diagnosis. In this article, we highlight the usefulness of this sign for early diagnosis of IKD, especially in countries where BCG vaccination is still part of the immunization schedule.
